Literacy is defined as: “Proficiency in understanding and using written as well as spoken language as a reader, writer, speaker, and listener.  Literacy is an integrated process which develops gradually from birth and is built upon learning from broad experiences, linking language with the development of concepts, and providing exposure to the written word in a variety of meaningful contexts” (Wright, 1997).

Parents and teachers who work with children who are deaf-blind, may use the following materials to provide a framework for introducing and encouraging literacy in children with combined vision and hearing loss.

Source: Louisiana State Dept of Education

Source: New England Center Deafblind Project

Source: Colorado Services for Children Who are Deafblind

Source: Teaching Exceptional Children

Source: TEACHING Exceptional Children Plus

Source: Center for Literacy and Disability Studies

Source: Perkins School for the Blind

Source: Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired

Source: Deaf-Blind Perspectives

Source: Perkins School for the Blind

Source: Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired

Source: National Consortium on Deaf-Blindness

Source: Center for Literacy and Disability Studies

Source: Nevada Dual Sensory Impairment Project

Source: Nevada Dual Sensory Impairment Project

Source: Tool Kit on Teaching and Assessing Students with Disabilities - OSEP

Source: Colorado Services for Children Who are Deafblind

Source: Perkins School for the Blind

Source: Washington State Services for Children with Deaf-Blindness

Source: National Center on Severe and Sensory Disabilities

Source: DVI Quarterly

Source: AbleNet